What is a perianal haematoma?
If you thought you had a bout of hemorrhoids but have been told it is something else you might be asking “What is a perianal haematoma?” and looking for answers. Due to the location of the perianal haematoma it can easily be misdiagnosed as a hemorrhoid. However, it is something entirely different. Both are near the anus but one involves veins that swell while the other involves a ruptured vein that leaks blood into surrounding tissue.
Hemorrhoids can be external or internal and occur when vascular tissue becomes swollen either inside the anal area or extrude from the anus. A perianal haematoma is much like a bruise or bleeding under the skin that is in the border area of the anus. It is caused by forceful strained bowel movements, heavy coughing, or heavy lifting. A rupture occurs due to the strain and blood pools in the tissue leaving a heavy blue area near the anus. It happens quickly and if it is left untreated will form a clot. Pain associated with the condition has been described from mild to quite severe. The pain results from the pressure due to the pooling blood and can continue for many days.
“What is a perianal haematoma treatment?” is usually another question you may ask. If after the rupture first occurs and before the blood has clotted treatment is sought by a physician the pooled blood can be extracted with a syringe. After the blood has clotted it can no longer be extracted with a syringe needle and will therefore have to be removed by an incision. The incision needed is quite small and will not need stitches but will be allowed to heal on its own. Due to the location on the body it will require careful care and cleaning after bowel movements. Stool softeners can help ease any pain that would occur with a future bowel movement while healing. Healing from the incision and removal of the clotted blood can take days to several weeks.
What is a perianal haematoma also called is a thrombosed external pile or an external hemorrhoid even though it is not truly a hemorrhoid. Treatment for hemorrhoids will not help a perianal haematoma since it is not a true hemorrhoid. As mentioned the treatment is to remove the pooled blood or excise the later clotted blood through an incision. A person with the condition can also choose to do nothing and allow the body to heal on its own which can take days to weeks before the pain subsides and weeks for the clotted blood to be reabsorbed by the body. The prevention of a perianal haematoma is dependent on whether the cause was from straining by coughing or lifting or through straining while having a bowel movement. Prevention of a perianal haematoma caused by coughing or lifting is to better handle those situations to avoid straining. If a perianal haematoma was caused by straining during a bowel movement then adding more fiber and water intake to the diet can help avoid further incidents. If you are not sure whether you have an external hemorrhoid or a perianal haematoma then you should consult a physician so that the correct treatment can be followed and relief can be found.
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